Kisspeptin- (10mg)

Size: 10mg
Contents: Kisspeptin-10 (10mg)
Form: Lyophilized powder
Purity: >99%
SKU: P-KISSPEPT-10

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Kisspeptin-10 Peptide

Kisspeptin-10 is a naturally occurring peptide protein encoded by the KISS1 gene.⁽²⁾ Kisspeptin is a product of the KISS1 gene, produced by the cleavage of the original 145-amino acid polypeptide to a smaller peptide. This smaller peptide, composed of 54-amino acids, is cleaved further to become Kisspeptin 45-54, also known as Kisspeptin 10.⁽⁶⁾

KISS1 is a gene that is considered to suppress metastases of melanomas and breast carcinomas, thereby inhibiting abnormal cell growth and potentially preventing cancer.⁽²⁾ Initially considered to be a metastasis suppressor, Kisspeptin-10 was later suggested to possess a different expression profile, which may potentially allow it to function on the hypothalamus and pituitary gland, thereby impacting the reproductive system.⁽³⁾

Several independent studies in the mid-2000s suggested that Kisspeptin-10 may play a role in hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, as the peptide is considered to be a ligand of the G-protein coupled receptor 54 (GPR54).⁽⁵⁾ Research continues to explore this potential aspect of the Kisspeptin-10 peptide.

Hypogonadism is a system disorder wherein reproductive organs produce less or no sex hormones. One of the forms of hypogonadism is called hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, where the organism suffers from hypogonadism due to under-functioning of the pituitary gland or hypothalamus.⁽¹⁾ GnRH is considered to stimulate the pituitary gland to release follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). Both FSH and LH are considered to regulate reproductive function.⁽¹⁾ Lack of these hormones, i.e. GnRH, FSH, and LH, are considered the main factors of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism.

Overview

GPR54, also called the KISS1 receptor (KISS1R),⁽⁷⁾ has been suggested by researchers to be an important GnRH receptor.⁽¹⁾ They further suggest that Kisspeptin-10 exhibits action by possibly binding to GPR54 receptors, which may activate the reproductive axis by stimulating the release of GnRH and gonadotropin neurons.⁽⁷⁾

Kisspeptin-10 is a 54 amino acid peptide which is considered to be a product of the KISS1 gene. Researchers have isolated smaller peptide fragments such as Kisspeptin 10, 13, and 14, which all have been suggested to possess some biological activity towards GPR54.⁽⁷⁾ These smaller peptides have been posited to bind with a low affinity to the GPR54 receptors and possibly stimulate calcium mobilization, arachidonic acid release, and extracellular protein kinase phosphorylation.⁽⁷⁾ These events may depolarize the Kisspeptin-10 neurons, possibly leading to the depolarization of the GnRH neurons and modulating gonadotropin release, to some extent.⁽⁹⁾

Research studies on Kisspeptin-10 have explored its potential in a wide variety of functions and impacts, and several hypotheses have been presented on the peptide's possible mechanisms of action, including some notable hypotheses below:⁽⁸⁾

• That the Kisspeptin-10 peptide may potentially stimulate GnRH release;
• The peptide may potentially stimulate endogenous gonadotropin release in less-fertile animal models;
• Peptide concentrations may possibly induce desensitization and suppression of the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and gonadal axis.

Chemical Makeup

Molecular Formula: C₆₃H₈₃N₁₇O₁₄
Molecular Weight: 1302.4 g/mol
Other Known Titles: Kisspeptin 45-54

Research and Clinical Studies

Kisspeptin-10 and Reproduction

As part of one 2017 study,⁽¹⁰⁾ a literature review was conducted for all articles published from 1999 to 2016. Upon review of the articles, it was suggested that experimental data may support the hypothesis that the Kisspeptin-10 system (including the KISS1 gene and its products, GPR54 receptors) may possibly regulate the release of gonadotropin hormones.

Furthermore, certain studies were conducted in experimental animal models with similar characteristics as hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH) and polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). These studies suggested that reproductive disorders such as HH and PCOS may occur due to abnormalities in the KISS1 and GPR54 system. The outcome of this literature review suggested that Kisspeptin-10 may be a neuropeptide regulator of GnRH release.